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减肥饮食全攻略:要完全杜绝任何形式的糖

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发表于 2005-5-9 00:07 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Think Simulation
减肥饮食全攻略:要完全杜绝任何形式的糖
http://www.sina.com.cn 2005年05月08日 11:24 竞报

  1.一日要吃三餐。稳定血糖是通过控制碳水化合物摄入量进行减肥的基本手段,要做到这一点,你每次就餐的时间(吃可以接受的食物)就不应该超过6个小时(睡觉时间除外)。不过,你可以一天吃4到5顿小餐,只要碳水化合物摄入量不超过20克就行。

  2.你可以吃任意量的鸡蛋、肉和鱼,包括牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉、火鸡肉、鸭肉、野味、贝类海鲜、小牛肉和羊肉。你可以吃到自己心满意足时为止,但不要吃撑。
       
  3.不管吃多少脂肪和食用油也是允许的。它们包括黄油、橄榄油、蛋黄酱以及其他任何在室温下呈液态的食用油。(不要吃任何经过氢化处理的油或其他人造脂肪,包括人造黄油。)

  4.香料和作料可以吃,只要它们不含糖。

  5.奶酪(陈年全脂奶酪、干酪、软酪和半软酪)每天只能吃3到4盎司。新鲜奶酪,如村舍式松软干酪和农家奶酪,碳水化合物含量太高,不适合“入门”阶段食用。

  6.你也许可以每天吃3杯沙拉蔬菜(生蔬菜,不要压得太紧)。其中包括所有带叶子的绿色蔬菜、蘑菇、芹菜、小萝卜、青椒和黄瓜。

  7.其他碳水化合物含量低的蔬菜每天只能吃1杯。(如果你吃1杯此类蔬菜,就只能吃2杯沙拉蔬菜)。

  8.你也许还可以把下列项目列入自己的每天碳水化合物摄入量计算范围:

  (1)橄榄(可以吃多达20枚)

  (2)鳄梨(可以选一个小鳄梨,吃一半)

  (3)柠檬/酸橙汁(两至三汤匙)

  (4)奶油(浓奶油、淡奶油或酸奶油,两至三汤匙)

  9.你必须每天饮8杯纯水,每杯8盎司。可以是蒸馏水、矿泉水,也可以是泉水(但不能是德国产塞尔泽矿泉水)。你还可以喝不限量的清凉茶(不能含糖),但不能计入8杯纯水。

  10.只喝不含咖啡因的咖啡和茶,并且只能使用可接受的甜味剂(在下面第13中列出)。

  11.不管采取什么形式,酒都是不能喝的。

  12.对待阿斯巴甜要小心。无论什么时候都要尽量回避。这包括利用这种成分增甜的任何产品,如减肥苏打水和减肥果肉冻(Jelly-O)。对于其他任何宣称碳水化合物含量低或适当的产品,都要认真检查其标签。

  13.你可以每天食用多达3包糖精(斯普伦达商标Splenda)。(斯普伦达牌产品正日益增多,所以,假如你食用任何此类产品,都要把它计算在自己的日常碳水化合物摄入量之内。)

  14.要完全杜绝下列产品:糖(任何形式的糖,包括玉米糖浆、蜂蜜和槭枫糖浆)、牛奶和酸奶(奶油可以限量吃)、水果和果汁、面粉产品(面包、燕麦片、饼干等等)、谷物、麦片、大豆和豆类、含淀粉或含糖量高的蔬菜(土豆、甘薯、玉米、豌豆、欧洲防风根、甜菜、胡萝卜)、甜的调味品(如大多数番茄酱、烧烤调味酱和香醋等)、法式生菜色拉调味料(由橄榄油、醋和香料制成的色拉调料)、千岛沙拉酱(检查标签,查看碳水化合物含量)、村舍式松软干酪、农家奶酪及其他新鲜奶酪、坚果和种仁。

  15.外出就餐时,要当心自己不要吃“暗藏”在酱油或面包食品中的碳水化合物。要告诉自己的服务生,你要吃不含糖、面粉和淀粉的食物。

  16.除非你因为身体上的原因,无法进行锻炼,否则你必须每天进行锻炼,即使只是围绕街区散步一圈也行。锻炼是阿特金斯减肥计划所有阶段的重要组成部分,它肯定将提高你减肥的速度。文/蔡辉

  《新饮食习惯》,美国罗伯特·C·阿特金斯著,中国青年出版社,定价:38.00元
发表于 2005-5-9 20:21 | 显示全部楼层
Think Simulation
基本上是胡说八道,以至于不值得驳斥,嘿嘿:)
攀岩者的人要减肥,我看过一篇不错的文章,经过我的实践,值得推荐。
目标:提高力量和体重的比值,
具体的我原则总结了一下,就是:
控制总热量(进<出)
高蛋白,微脂肪
足够的碳水化合物
大量的蔬菜和水果

Today, I was asked the following in a private message:

Quote:
I am in search of a proper diet to improve my strength to weight ratio for climbing. Basically, I need to lose weight without losing the energy needed to climb 3 times a week. So, I need to eat more complex carbs and less fat, right (please correct if I am wrong)? Please help in naming some good foods to eat that would fit my needs.


Before I answer the question, a little about my background: I am a graduate-trained nutritional epidemiologist. What that means is that I am trained in the design, analysis, and interpretation of nutritional research studies with human subjects. I've read a good deal of the research on weight loss and am currently working on a paper on the effects of certain diets on body weight for eventual publication. I am also a climber, who, when he decided 4 years ago to get serious about sport climbing, lost 20 lbs. Now, to the question of losing weight without losing strength.

The bottom line for losing weight is that you must create a caloric deficit. That means you must consume fewer calories than you burn. You can do this in two ways: consume fewer calories in your diet or increase the amount of exercise you do. The most effective way is to do both simultaneously.

How to reduce your caloric intake.

In principle you could reduce your total caloric intake in one of two ways: either by eating the same foods you currently do and reducing portion sizes or by reducing intake of certain macronutrients (ie, fat, carbohydrate, or protein). However, one of the challenges of dieting is that when your body senses that it is receiving fewer calories than it is burning, it responds by breaking down both body fat and muscle. For an athlete (and if you are rock climber, you should start thinking of yourself as an athlete), this is disastrous because when you diet you can potentially lose strength. Since we want to increase our strength-to-weight ratio, we want to maintain our muscle mass and lose weight in the form of body fat. The way to accomplish this through diet is to maintain carbohydrate intake, increase protein intake, and reduce fat intake enough to produce a caloric deficit.

We want to increase protein intake because the additional protein offsets the body’s increased rate of muscle breakdown while dieting. The reason it is important to maintain high carbohydrate intake is that the higher the carbohydrate intake, the less muscle tissue is broken down for energy (that is, dietary carbohydrate is muscle sparing). Dietary fat, on the other hand, is not muscle sparing; consequently, your entire reduction in calorie intake should come from reducing your intake of fats.

Let’s assume you are doing aerobic exercise for a half-hour 3 days a week and climbing indoors or out 3 sessions per week (If you are not getting at least this much exercise, you should start. You will find it much easier to lose weight by a combination of diet and exercise than by just dieting). The average female at this level of exercise will probably require about 2000 calories/day to maintain her body weight, while the average male will require about 2500 calories. You should try to consume about 500 to 750 calories per day less than you burn. This should result in losing 1 – 1&#189; pounds per week. This may seem too slow to some; however, more drastic diets do not work – they are virtually impossible to maintain.

OK, so now you have an idea about how many total calories to eat each day. The next question is how should these calories be distributed among protein, carbohydrate, and fat. My recommendations are the following: 25 – 30% of the total calories in your diet should come from protein, 10 - 20% from fat, and the remainder from carbohydrate. This is a low-fat diet that is relatively high in both protein and carbohydrate, as required to promote retention of muscle tissue. In order to operationalize this diet, you need to become savvy at reading nutritional labels and know that protein and carbohydrate contain 4 calories per gram and that fat contains 9 calories per gram (for those who need to know, it’s 7 calories per gram for alcohol).

So, what to eat.

The challenge in this diet is keeping the protein intake high and the fat intake low. Therefore, you need to look for foods that are very low in fat and high in protein. Ideal foods are the following: beans, white-meat poultry, low-fat fishes (eg, halibut), canned tuna, and soy-based non-fat mock meats (hint: think Trader Joes). You can eat essentially unlimited vegetables, since they are very low in calories. Fruits are essentially all carbohydrate and water and low in total calories, and can (and should) be eaten in moderation. Any grain products you eat should be whole grain, since they are higher in protein, fiber, and micronutrients than their processed counterparts.

Try not to add fat to anything. Throw away your mayonnaise, margarine, butter, and cooking oils. Pure oils such as these contain 120 calories per tablespoon. It is all too easy to turn a healthy, low-calorie salad into an abomination by adding excessive dressing. Instead of mayonnaise on sandwiches, substitute mustard (which is virtually calorie free), or just go without.

Keep a diary of everything you eat. Specifically note the total calories you consume and the total grams of protein in each meal. If, at the end of the day, you didn’t consume enough protein, have a blended shake made from a protein supplement and a piece of fruit in the evening. Buy the cheap soy-protein powder. Let the muscle heads waste their money on designer whey peptides.

I realize that this diet is more quantitative than some people would like. However, in my judgment, counting calories and protein grams is the only way to ensure adequate protein intake while maintaining a low-calorie diet. This is critical for athletes.

Good luck.

-Jay
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发表于 2005-5-10 12:37 | 显示全部楼层
born from the simulation
似乎就是多吃水煮蛋白,少吃肉,油
一餐一碗米饭+蔬菜?
饿了就拿水果蔬菜啥的对付?
不过回避糖?也很必要吧
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发表于 2005-5-11 12:04 | 显示全部楼层
born from the simulation
糖热量高而营养价值小,对牙齿也不好,当然少吃为妙。鸡蛋的主要营养在蛋黄。

jay讲了一些原则,这些原则和很多营养协会机构描述的原则基本吻合。具体吃什么,根据各自的饮食习惯安排。比如啤酒,我非常喜欢喝,2天不喝就馋。一般认为喝啤酒长肚子,我觉得长胖是因为喝酒会导致一顿饭吃很多东西。啤酒本身有热量,只好计算在每天吃进的总热量就可以,也就是说,喝了啤酒,就少吃点其他的。啤酒、葡萄酒有不少有益的成分,适量喝的话,有好处。

原贴提到的要完全杜绝的产品中:
牛奶和酸奶、水果、面粉产品(面包、燕麦片、饼干等等)、谷物、麦片、大豆和豆类、含淀粉或含糖量高的蔬菜(土豆、甘薯、玉米、豌豆、欧洲防风根、甜菜、胡萝卜)、坚果等都是好东西。
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发表于 2005-5-21 10:20 | 显示全部楼层
Think Simulation
这个。。。要杜绝的东西里,大米算吗?要是算我就惨了,我最爱吃大米了,一天不吃我就馋
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发表于 2005-5-25 10:27 | 显示全部楼层
Think Simulation
我和裂缝观点一致,正常情况下胖瘦就是摄入和消耗的平衡结果,基本了解常见食品的热量,再根据意愿进行调整就可以了。
春节后开始减肥,那时将近70KG,方法是每周3次游泳2500米左右,1次两小时羽毛球双打,早上两片全麦面包夹一片奶酪,1斤牛奶加点蜂蜜,午餐小半碗米饭,多吃蔬菜,肉适量吃,油炸内脏高糖高淀粉高脂的基本杜绝,晚餐基本不吃,黄瓜、水萝卜、苹果、西红柿最多选其二各吃一个,睡觉前1斤牛奶加点蜂蜜,到现在减掉16斤左右,皮带收紧4扣,还想再打一个孔再收收,裤子要买小两号的还有点肥,效果还不错
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发表于 2005-5-29 01:19 | 显示全部楼层
born from the simulation
你们一个在说减肥,一个在说攀岩人的最佳饮食。这两者不是一回事
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发表于 2005-5-30 00:44 | 显示全部楼层
born from the simulation
先减肥再进行最佳饮食,要保持最好状态就要相辅相成,缺一不可啊
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发表于 2005-6-25 20:47 | 显示全部楼层
Think Simulation
以前看到题目里要杜绝任何形式的糖,比较疑惑;还有老说碳水化合物却概念很模糊,下面的解释算是把这两者结合起来了:

什么是碳水化合物?
碳水化合物是食物的主要成分之一,所有的碳水化合物都是以糖为单位的,简单地说就是“糖”。它有三种类型:糖类(简单碳水化合物simple sugars)、淀粉和纤维(复合碳水化合物complex carbohydrates)。例如:米饭、面包、马铃薯、香蕉等都含有丰富的复合碳水化合物。糖果、巧克力、葡萄糖或其他含糖饮料则含有丰富的简单碳水化合物。一些不同形式包装的所谓“高能量食品”和“运动食品”,其实就是复合和简单碳水化合物的混合物。
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发表于 2006-1-9 10:33 | 显示全部楼层
Think Simulation
糖和碳水化合物是一回事吗?(ZT)

来源:《健与美》杂志2006年第一期,原文作者:邓玉 孙劲松

我们很清楚营养在现代健美训练中的地位与作用,从不忽视营养问题,并注意不断补充相关的营养知识。然而,在我们所接触的营养专业概念或名词中还是碰到了一些疑惑,其中有代表性的就是糖和碳水化合物。我们也隐约知道两者似乎是一回事,但在同一书刊中经常出现的两种叫法,另我们很迷茫,它们到底是怎样的关系呢?

将糖成为碳水化合物是因为糖类物质碳(C)、氢(H)、氧(O)3种元素组成,其中氢与氧的原子数为2:1,因此习惯上通常把糖类物质成为碳水化合物。实际上,把糖类物质成为碳水化合物或以碳水化合物替代糖的称谓是不严谨的,因为有些非糖类物质,如乳酸、乙酸等的分子式里,氢氧原子数比是2:1,也符合碳水化合物的称谓条件。所以我们可以将糖成为碳水化合物,但却不能随意将碳水化合物等同于糖类,不过这并不影响我们约定俗成的习惯叫法。

糖是生物界三大物质之一,是人体细胞的重要组成成分,也是肌肉活动的主要能量来源。人体正常生理活动从糖类获得的能源约占总能量消耗的50-70%左右,在大强度长时间运动时糖供能可达总耗能的95%左右。身体活动消耗的能量首先由糖供应,每克糖彻底氧化可平均释放能量约4千卡。依据糖的水解情况,可将其分为单糖、低聚糖和多糖。单糖是不能被水解成更小分子的糖,在人体代谢中最常见的单糖有葡萄糖、果糖和半乳糖。其中,葡萄糖是血糖的基本成分,果糖和半乳糖只有在肝脏内变成葡萄糖后才能被人体有效利用。低聚糖或称寡糖是由相当于2-10个单糖分子缩合成的糖,低聚糖最常见的是三种双糖(蔗糖=葡萄糖+果糖,麦芽糖=葡萄糖+葡萄糖,乳糖=葡萄糖+半乳糖),其中蔗糖是主要的食糖,麦芽糖是淀粉不完全水解的产物,乳糖是哺乳动物乳汁中的糖。在运动饮料中常配有由4-10个葡萄糖聚合而成的低聚糖,它渗透压小,口感好,甜度低,易为人体消化吸收,以补充血糖,增加细胞中糖的利用,从而能延缓疲劳发生,加速运动后的恢复。多糖由单糖分子缩合、失水而成,与生活最密切的多糖是淀粉、糖原和纤维素,富含淀粉和大米、小麦、高粱、玉米、豆类、薯类、藕等即是我们的主要食物来源。“我国是高糖膳食国家”的说法也源于此。糖原是人体储糖的主要形式,主要供能是供应能量。纤维素中的葡萄糖分子结合牢固,不溶于水,不能被人体消化利用,但食物纤维素能使肠道保持一定的充盈度,促使肠胃蠕动,使粪便软化易于排泄,还有助于随粪便排出脂肪、胆固醇等。

食物中的糖多是多糖或低聚糖,经消化水解为单糖--葡萄糖后才能被吸收构成血糖,然后随血液循环至肝脏,一部分合成肝糖原,一部分运送到肌肉合成肌糖原贮存起来,另一部分则被组织直接氧化利用。糖在体内氧化供能的方式主要有两种,一是在缺氧或氧供应不足的情况下,组织细胞内的糖原经过一定的化学变化产生乳酸并释放一部分能量,这一过程是糖的无氧氧化过程,也叫做糖酵解。糖酵解产生于剧烈运动中体内缺氧和氧供应不足时,在酵解过程中,一分子葡萄糖转化为两分子乳酸并释放能量(乳酸能),为肌肉运动提供直接支持。二是糖原或葡萄糖在有氧条件下彻底氧化分解成二氧化碳和水,同时释放大量能量。运动过程中,肌糖原首先被消耗,随着肌糖原水平的下降,肌肉便从血液中摄取葡萄糖,然后肝糖原分解维持血糖稳定。运动时肌糖原的利用主要取决于运动强度、持续时间、训练水平、肌纤维类型、糖补充及环境因素等。运动前、中、后补糖也会极大地影响运动进程中身体生理及机能水平的发挥和保持。一般而言,运动前或赛前补糖的主要目的是优化肌糖原和肝糖原储备,维持运动时血糖稳定,保障运动能力及维持强度运动的时间。运动中补糖主要意义在于保持血糖浓度、改善糖代谢环境,维持较高的糖氧化速度,提高运动能力,节省肝糖原,调节和加速脂肪分解、减少蛋白质消耗等。对健美锻炼来说,糖储量充足时,可杜绝在饥饿或长时间运动因糖贮量下降而导致动用蛋白质分解供能情况的出现,从而保证肌肉增长对蛋白质的需求,并能调节脂肪分解。运动后补糖是为了尽快缓解疲劳,促进体力恢复,加强肝糖原和肌糖原的合成与储存。
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